Talmud su II Samuele 23:21
וְהוּא־הִכָּה֩ אֶת־אִ֨ישׁ מִצְרִ֜י אשר [אִ֣ישׁ] מַרְאֶ֗ה וּבְיַ֤ד הַמִּצְרִי֙ חֲנִ֔ית וַיֵּ֥רֶד אֵלָ֖יו בַּשָּׁ֑בֶט וַיִּגְזֹ֤ל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִית֙ מִיַּ֣ד הַמִּצְרִ֔י וַיַּהַרְגֵ֖הוּ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃
e uccise un egiziano, un uomo buono; e l'egiziano aveva una lancia in mano; ma andò da lui con un bastone e tirò fuori la lancia dall'egiziano's mano e lo uccise con la sua stessa lancia.
Jerusalem Talmud Sanhedrin
What is a thief and what is a robber44With 11:2 read: “R. Zeˋira said.”? Rebbi Hila said, if he stole in the presence of witnesses, he is a thief, in the presence of the owners he is a robber. Rebbi Ze`ura asked45While the thief pays double to quintuple restitution, the robber only has to return the robbed goods. The distinction between thief and robber has far-reaching consequences. The thief takes by stealth, the robber in public. The question is, what is the definition of “in public”?: but if he intended to rob in front of its owners, he is not a robber. What is a robber according to Rebbi Ze`ura? Rebbi Samuel ben Sosarta in the name of Rebbi Abbahu: only if he rob in the presence of ten people. The prototype for all these: He robbed the spear from the hand of the Egyptian and killed him with his own spear462S. 23:21. R. Zeˋira insists that the characteristic of the robber is not that he takes by force, even in the presence of the owners, but that he does it in public. As always, “in public” is defined as in the presence of ten adult males. Babli Bava qamma 79b..
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